太子VS汰渍
范文一：桃花源记与翻译
《桃花源记》
晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业，缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷；渔人甚异之。复前行，欲穷其林。林尽水源，便得一山。山有小口，仿佛若有光，便舍船，从口入。
初极狭，才通人；复行数十步，豁然开朗。土地平旷，屋舍俨然。有良田、美池、桑、竹之属，阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人；黄发垂髫，并佁然自乐。见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来；具答之。便要还家，设酒、杀鸡、作食。村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。自云：先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉；遂与外人间隔。问今是何世？乃不知有汉，无论魏、晋！此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食，停数日，辞去。此中人语云：“不足为外人道。”
既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之。及郡下，诣太守，说如此。太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志，遂迷不复得路。南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然规往，未果，寻病终。后遂无问津者。
Acknowledgments
First of all, my greatest debt goes to my supervise Professor Wei Hong for her
useful suggestions which contribute to this essay. She spends a lot of time in reading our essays carefully, finding out our mistakes and correcting them. What I really learn from her is not only the grammar or words.
Secondly, I want to show my respect to my school Anhui Normal University
Wanjiang College. From four years study at there, I have learned a lot of knowledge as an English learner. I would like to express my great gratitude to all of those who help me directly or indirectly. Thank you for them to give me this chance to learn more about translation and the story of the Peach Yuan.
Last but not the least, without the help of my roommates and teammates, I cannot
finish my essay. When I am searching the materials about my thesis, they offer me some resources that are very important in my writing. They give me much encourages and support. I also want to express my gratitude to my family. They also give me a lot of support which makes me more and more confidence.
Thank you for all of your help. You are my treasure.
Abstract
The story of the Peach Yuan was about a fisherman who lived in Jin Dynasty and
came upon a very beautiful peach grove when he was fishing. He got lost in the charming scenery, and then he found a land of idyllic beauty. The people who lived in this land never got out of this place since their ancestors had come here as refugees to escape from the tyranny of Qin Dynasty some six hundred years ago. The writer showed us a life which we all want to live from the describing the people that lived in the land and their ideal living environment,. There was no exploitation, no wars in their daily life. Their world was simple, liberal, stable, harmony, equal, and happy. The author expressed his wish and hopes to live a kind of life which people lived in the peach colony lived. We who live in the 21th century are still looking forward to the world which Tao Yuanming brought to us with his pen.
Key words：The Peach Colony ; Jin Dynasty; a land of idyllic beauty; looking forward to；21th century
翻译桃花源记与翻译
《桃花源记》讲述的是晋朝时的一个渔人在捕鱼时遇到一片美丽的桃花林而迷路，却因此发现了一个世外桃源的故事。那里的人为了躲避秦朝时期的战乱而隐居到此处，便再也没有出去过。陶渊明通过对桃源人和他们生活环境的描写，向我们展示了一个及其理想的社会。在他们的生活中没有剥削、 没有战争，他们过着十分简单、自由、安定、和谐、平等、幸福的生活。作者表达了他对那种生活的无比向往和憧憬，对美好未来的追求。即使是在21世纪的今天，我们仍旧对陶渊明笔下的世界充满向往与追求。
The translation of the story of the Peach Yuan
Chapter 1 Introduction
Tao Yuanming was a popular poet in Chinese history. He wrote many very famous poems and articles. The story of the Peach Yuan to express his thirst for the freedom and life for field. He was a very famous poet and writer in Chinese history. He wrote many popular poems that are still appreciated by people today.
The story of Peach Colony is about a fisherman who lived in Jin Dynasty. One day, he found a very special and beautiful peach grove. At the end of the grove, there is a mountain with a hole on it. He went into it. He found a new world which was different from the world where he lived. The people who live in it were so happy. They did not have the war and exploitation. They told the fisherman they lived in this place and never went out since the Qin Dynasty. They did not care what has happened outside. They lived peaceful and free. They invited the fisherman to their houses for treating him. He lived with them for several days. Although the people told him he should not tell others about their existence, he made some signs which can help him find this world again when he left this place. Then the fisherman told prefect his story. The prefect sent some people to seek out the place followed the signs. But they got lost. Since then nobody met that world.
The writer wished to live in the world that people in Peach Colony lived. But
the real life is so darkness and the government was so decadent. He was so disappointed with the vicious, corrupt system of exploitation. He quitted his official position and became a famer.
1.1 The brief introduction of Tao Yuanming
Tao Yuanming(about365-427) plays a very important role in Chinese poem`s history. He was the most talented poet during 800 years in Han, Wei, South and North Dynasty. By now he has nearly 125 poems and 12 articles still reminded today. Most of his poems are about his life as a farmer and the beautiful scenery he can see in his daily life. The majority of Tao Yuanming`s works express his wish to live a happy life, because he did not have it in real life. From his poems and articles we also can know he was really appreciated of the beautiful scenery of the farm.
He was born in a run-down official family, whose great-grandfather as a
significant military merit was one of founding fathers of Eastern Jin Dynasty. His grandfather and his father were also once an official. When he was nine-year-old, his father died. Then his family began to decline. He lived with his mother and sister. The father of Tao Yuanming`s mother, Meng Jia, was a famous person contemporary. He had a great effect on Tao`s thinking. Meng Jia had a lot of books in his house where Tao read most of them. Those books made him have a better understanding of the history and culture of ancient conditions. When Tao grew up, his personality, self-cultivation was very similar to Meng. Tao had two different ideas due to the books he read and Meng`s effect.
When Tao was young, he had a big dream to let people all over the world live a
rich life. He once was an official. He tried his best to make the people who were under his control more free, but he found the fact with dreadful disappointment that the official circles was so darkness that he can did nothing to save it. He tried and tried. He failed and failed. At last he left the office, and became a farmer. He enjoyed the scenery he can see every day. From that day, he did not care about what happened in the government. Every day when the sun rises up, he began his farm work. When the sun sets down, he came back his house to have rest. He expressed his mood though his poems and articles
Tao loved drinking liquor. There were five willows in front his house. So people called him “Mr. Five Willows”. He had a famous article named the biography of Mr. Five Willows.
1.2 The background information of the story of the Peach Yuan
The young Tao Yuanming lived a very hard life. During that time, there were so many wars in and out of the country. The king of Jin Dynasty was so weak that he only escaped for all of problems. The officialdom was darkness, and people lived so painful due to the taxes. Tao was at an unimportant position. What made him did not continues be an officer was his fair-minded character. Tao Yuanming left his job as a county magistrate of Peng Zhe for only 82 days in 405. This was a symbolism that he separated from the governments. After that he worked as a farmer, but he still cared about the politics and the dominant class. At that time, he still hoped the government could be equal and honest. In June of 420, Empire Jin Gong abolished his position who was forced by Liu Yu, and he became a king called Empire Ling. Next year, Liu Yu used poisoned wine murdered Empire Jin Gong, which made Tao angry. Confucianism had a great effect on Tao. He thought people should be loyalty to his king. Tao hated Liu`s action and his power code because he regarded Liu`s action as a kind of betray. The writer was totally disappointed with that vicious, corrupt system of exploitation. He knew that he could not and did not want to change this world, so he wrote this fairyland to express his desire for it. Tao Yuanming wrote the story of the Peach Yuan in this situation.
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Chapter 2 the Translated Version
The story of the Peach Yuan
During the Taiyuan period1 of Jin dynasty2, a man lived in Wulin prefecture3 that made his living as a fisherman. One day he rowed along a steam, and forgot how far he had gone. Suddenly, he came across a piece of peach grove which lined the bank for several hundred paces. There were no any other trees among the grove. The grass land is fresh and beautiful with the falling peach blossoms dancing above it. The fisherman was so curious about what he saw. He was keeping going and wanting to get its ending. The peach grove ended at the source of steam, where was a mountain. It seems that a glimmer of light streamed out through the opening of the mountain. The man abandoned his boat and entered the opening.
At first it was very narrow, only allowing one man to pass through. After he continued about dozen steps, he suddenly saw a bright and open field. The lands were level and wide with houses in good order. There were fine fields and beautiful pools, clumps of mulberries and bamboos. The paths crisscross the fields in all directions, and the crowing of cocks and barking of dogs could be heard everywhere. The people who worked in fields and walked on the road seemed as same as the people outside. No matter the elderly and children were very happy.
The people who lived in that place felt greatly surprised when they saw the fisherman. They asked where he came from, and the fisherman answered all their questions minutely. Some of them invited the fisherman to their houses, set up the wine and cooked chickens for treating him. People in this place heard about the stranger and came to ask him questions. They told him, “Our ancestors brought their wives, children and villagers to this place and never go out again in order to avoid the wars during Qin Dynasty4. So we had no contact with the outside world.” They asked him which dynasty they were in. they even did not know the Han5, not to mention Wei6, Jin Dynasty. The fisherman told them everything he knew. They all sighed with grief. The others also invited the fisherman to their homes for food and drink. After a few days, the fisherman said goodbye to them and left that place. The villagers enjoined him:”it was not worth telling people outside this place. ”
When the fisherman exited this Peach Yuan, he found his boat. On his way retraced home, he made signs everywhere. Upon getting the prefecture, he told his story. Prefect sent men to go with him and tried to found that place according to the sighs the fisherman made. They lost and unable to found that place again.
A scholar of high repute of Nanyang prefecture7 named Liu Ziji was excited when he heard this story. He joyful planned to go. He could not accomplish it. Soon he died of illness. Afterwards no one ever looked for the Peach Yuan.
Chapter 3 Conclusion
Finally, I finished my translation of the story of the Peach Yuan. I have leant a lot of knowledge, which I don`t know or pay an attention to them at all my translation, I made dozens of mistakes and searched many resources about the writer and the article. There are seven very famous translators have translated the story of the Peach Yuan. I read all of them and think carefully about their differences.
Before my translation, I took some time to think the translation theory which I have leant in my translation class. The first person I think of is Yan Fu and his great translation theory. Yan Fu hold the view that there are 3 principles in translation: we called them “信”, “达”, “雅”. These principles are what I used during my translation.
At the beginning of this article, the writer described the beautiful peach grove to lead to that peaceful, leisurely and carefree world. Everything in that world was so pure and simple. There were no wars, taxes, cheating. People who lived in that place were so honest, loved each other and helped each other. The writer did not mention why this world was so different from the real world directly, but we can know the answer from the sentence”乃不知有汉，无论魏晋”. This sentence told us that because The Peach Yuan had no so-called dominant class, they could become so free and special. This ideal world did not exist in the real society and have on possibility existed in the world, which made all of us want to live in that society. The writer could see no light in his darkness life. The Peach Yuan was writer`s dream and only a dream.
The construction of this article is so funny. It is a short story so that readers want to continue read all of it. If the be beginning of the story of the Peach Yuan was the phenomenon of the Peach Yuan, we may feel it is not real. The writer used a fisherman with the real dynasty, place to make the article more natural. Liu Ziji of Nan Yang who appeared at the end of the story built up the mystery of that fairyland.
This article is very famous so that I can find much information about it on internet. The message about the background made it more accessible for me, and I can catch the theme behind the story easily. I accessed Tao Yuanming`s two different ideas form understanding of his family, experiences and life.
The story of the Peach Yuan is an article which wrote in classical Chinese, so there were some difficulties to understand them in modern Chinese. During my working, I found some words may have different meanings in ancient and nowadays. For example, ”妻子” is the same meaning of “wife” today, but it means “wife, son and daughter” in the old time; ”不足” which means “not enough” recently means “not worthy ” in ancient; the meaning of “俨然” is “seem”, while it uses as “in good order”. Those situations are very usual in the article. They really made me confused. When I came cross these words, I looked up them in dictionary until I can tell them clearly.
I also found two or more different words may have same meaning. I think it is a very funny thing, because it told us we already have the near-synonym even in thousand years ago. Such as: “缘溪行”, “便扶向路” mean “along”; both “便要还家” and “延至其家” can recognize as “invite”; “悉如外人”, “咸来问讯”, “皆叹惋”, and “并怡然自乐” have the same meaning “all”. There are many other words like them,
even they are totally different but they have same meaning.
There are also some words: the same word has different meanings in this article. This may be the most difficult part for me to understand on words. “出”, when it is in “不复出焉”, it means “get out”. But in “皆出酒食”, it means “take out”. The most confusing word in this story is “之”. (1) When it is in “忘路之远近”, it means ”of”.
(2) The meaning of this word in “闻之，欣然规往” is “this story”.(3) It has no sense in “处处志之”. (4) This word also can be regarded as “a pronoun” in the sentence “渔人甚异之”. (5) It also has function can be used as “kind”, when it appears in “有良田美池桑竹之属”. All of them made me in chaos during my work. What really makes me happy is that I can distinguish them easily now.
Interchangeable character is a typical sign in ancient Chinese works. My Chinese teacher once told me the so-called interchangeable character is because they did not have those words at that time. In this work, there are two interchangeable characters. The first one is “要”. It seems the same as “invite”. The last one is “具”. It is used as “completely”.
When I write this conclusion, suddenly I am aware of a fact I have learnt a lot in this translation. Those once made me crazy. I can master them completely now. I have a farther understanding of Tao Yuanming and that turbulent dynasty. The story of the Peach Yuan is a beautiful and excellent work no matter in words or the theme. After I finish my translation, I find I have some methods to deal with the problem may come cross during the translation of ancient Chinese work to English. This trying is one of my big treasures.
Notes
Taiyuan period: It is from 376 to 396. Taiyuan was the title of the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
2Jin dynasty: It can be divided into two sequential dynasties, the “West” and the “East”. It started at 265, and ended in 420.
3Wulin prefecture: It is in Changde, Hunan Province now.
4 Qin Dynasty: Qin Dynasty was the first union in China. It`s time is 221-206
B.C.
5 Han: 206 B.C. to A.D. 220. The dynasty appeared after the Qin. During this time, the economic and politic had the huge development.
6 Wei: A.D. 220-265.
71 Nanyang prefecture: Nanyang is in today`s Nanyang City, Henan Province.
11
范文二：桃花源记与诗词
[说明]
这篇作品为陶渊明晚年所作。作品以虚构的方式，描绘了一幅没有战乱，没有压迫，没有剥削，人人劳动、平等自由，道德淳朴、宁静和睦的社会生活图景——桃花源，寄托了作者美好的社会理想。这个理想中的美好社会，与当时黑暗的现实社会形成鲜明的对比，从而表现出作者对现实社会的不满和否定，同时在一定程度上也反映了广大人民追求美好生活的愿望。
晋太元中（1），武陵人捕鱼为业（2），缘溪行（3），忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步（4），中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷（5）；渔人甚异之（6）。复前行，欲穷其林（7）。林尽水源（8），便得一山。山有小口，仿佛若有光，便舍船从口入。初极狭，才通人（9）；复行数十步，豁然开朗（10）。土地平旷（11），屋舍俨然（12），有良田、美池、桑竹之属（13）；阡陌交通（14），鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣著，悉如外人（15）；黄发垂髫（16），并怡然自乐（17）。见渔人，乃大惊；问所从来（18），具答之（19）。便要还家（20）。为设酒杀鸡作食（21）。村中闻有此人，咸来问讯（22）。自云先世避秦时乱（23），率妻子邑人来此绝境（24），不复出焉，遂与外人间隔（25）。问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏、晋（26）。此人——为具言所闻（27），皆叹惋（28）。余人各复延至其家（29），皆出酒食。停数日，辞去。此中人语云：“不足为外人道也（30）。”既出，得其船，便扶向路（31），处处志之（32）。及郡下（33），诣太守（34），说如此。太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志，遂迷，不复得路。南阳刘子骥（35），高尚士也；闻之，欣然规往（36）。未果（37），寻病终（38）。后遂无问津者（39）。 嬴氏乱天纪，贤者避其世（40）。
黄绮之商山，伊人亦云逝（41）。
往迹浸复湮，来径遂芜废（42）。
相命肆农耕，日入从所憩（43）。
桑竹垂余荫，菽稷随时艺（44）。
春蚕收长丝，秋熟靡王税（45）。
荒路暖交通，鸡犬互鸣吠（46）。
俎豆犹古法，衣裳无新制（47）。
童孺纵行歌，斑白欢游诣（48）。
草荣识节和，木衰知风厉（49）。
虽无纪历志，四时自成岁（50）。
治然有余乐，于何劳智慧（51）？
奇踪隐五百，一朝敞神界（52）。
淳薄既异源，旋复还幽蔽（53）。
借问游方士，焉测尘嚣外（54）？
愿言蹑清风，高举寻吾契（55）。
[注释]
（1）太元：东晋孝武帝司马曜的年号（376—396）。
（2）武陵：晋时郡名，郡治在今湖南省常德市一带。
（3）缘：沿着。
（4）夹岸：溪流的两岸。
（5）落英：落花。一说初开的花朵。屈原《离骚》：“夕飡秋菊之落英。”缤纷：繁多的样子。屈原《离骚》：“佩缤纷其繁饰兮。”
（6）异：惊奇。之：指桃花林。
（7）穷：尽，走完。
（8）林尽水源：桃花林的尽头，就是溪流的源头。
（9）才通人：仅能容一个人通过。
（10）豁然开朗：形容山狭隘幽暗一变而为开阔明亮。
（11）平旷：平整广阔。
（12）俨（yǎn掩）然：整齐的样子。
（13）属：类。
（14）阡陌（qiānmò千莫）：田间小路，南北为阡，东西为陌。交通：互相通达。
（15）悉：都，全。
（16）黄发：指老人。《诗经。鲁颂。I宫》：“黄发台背。”郑玄笺：“皆寿征也。”《尚书。秦誓》：“尚猷（犹）询兹黄发。”垂髫（tiáo条）：指儿童。古时童子未冠者头发下垂，故称。潘岳《藉田赋》：“被褐振裾，垂髫总发。”《后汉书。伏湛传》：“髫发厉志，白首不衰。”
（17）怡然：愉悦的样子。
（18）所从来：从何处来。
（19）具：全，都。之：他们，指桃花源中人。
（20）要（yāo腰）：通“邀”，邀请。
（21）为：远本据曾本、苏写本补。
（22）咸：都。问讯：询问消息。
（23）自云：指桃花源中人自己说。先世：先辈，祖先。
（24）邑人：同乡人。绝境：与外界隔绝的地方。
（25）间（jiàn见）隔：隔绝，断绝往来。
（26）无论：更不用说。
（27）此人：指渔人。为：给。具言：元备陈述。所闻：指渔人所知道的世间的情形。
（28）惋：怅恨，叹惜。
（29）延：邀请。
（30）不足：不值得，没必要。
（31）扶：沿着。向路：先前进来时的路。
（32）志：作标记。
（33）及郡下：到了武陵郡的城下。
（34）诣（yì意）：往见。太守：郡的行政长官。
（35）南阳：在今河南省南阳市。刘子骥：名驎之，隐居不仕，爱游山水。（见《晋书。隐逸传》）
（36）规：计划，打算。
（37）未果：没有实现。
（38）寻：不久。
（39）问津：问路。这里指前去探寻、访求。
（40）嬴氏：指秦始皇。秦为嬴姓。天纪：日月星辰历数，这里指正常的社会政治秩序。
（41）黄绮：夏黄公与绮里季。这里指商山四皓。见《赠羊长史》注（9）。之：到，往。伊人：他们。指最初来到桃花源的人。云：语助词，无意义。逝：去，逃隐。
（42）往迹：指桃花源中人最初避乱往桃花源的踪迹。浸复湮：逐渐消失埋没。来径；通往桃花源的道路。
（43）相命：互相招呼。肆：致力。从：相随，结伴归来的意思。憩：休息。
（44）余荫：浓荫。菽：豆类的总称。稷：高粱。一说谷物。随时：按照季节。艺：种植。
（45）靡：无。
（46）暧（ài爱）：昏暗不明。指路为荒草遮掩，若有若无。交通：指行走。鸡犬互鸣吠：即记中所说“鸡犬相闻”之意。
（47）俎（zǔ祖）豆：古代祭祀的礼器，这里指祭祀的仪式。俎用以载牲，豆用以盛肉。犹古法：仍旧用古代的礼法。新制：新的样式。
（48）童孺：儿童。纵：尽情，无拘无束。行歌：边走边唱。斑白：头发花白的老人。游诣：游玩。诣：往。
（49）节和：“育气和暖，指春天。木衰：指草木凋零。风厉：风声凄厉，指秋天。
（50）纪历志：岁时的记载，即历书。四时：四季。
（51）余乐：不尽的欢乐。于何：在哪里。劳：动用。智慧：指心机。
（52）奇踪：奇异的踪迹，指桃花源。五百：自秦至晋太元不足六百年，五百是举其成数。敞：敞开，神界：神仙般的世界。
（53）淳：指桃花源中淳朴的风尚。薄：指世间浮薄的社会风气。源：根源。旋：很快。复：又，再。幽蔽：深深地隐蔽。
（54）游方士：游于方内之士，指世俗之人。方：区域，指世间。《庄子。大宗师》：“孔子曰：”彼，游方之外者也；而丘，游方之内者也。?“焉：哪里，如何。尘嚣（xiāo消）外：喧哗的世尘之外。
（55）言：语助词，无意义。蹑：踏着。高举：高飞。契：契合，投合，指志同道合的人。
[译文]
晋朝太元年间，武陵郡有一位以捕鱼为生的人。一天他划着小船沿溪前行，忘记走了多远。忽然遇见一片桃花林，溪水两岸百步之内，除桃树外没有其它杂树。芳草鲜艳美好，落下的桃花瓣飘飘洒洒。渔人十分惊异眼前的景色。他继续往前划行，想走到桃花林的尽头。桃花林的尽头也正是这条溪水发源的地方，这里有一座山。山间有个小洞口，隐隐约约透出一点光亮。渔人离船上岸，进入山洞。山洞起初很狭窄，仅容一个人通过；再往前走几十步。便一下于开阔明亮起来。只见土地平坦广阔，房屋排列整齐，这里有肥沃的田地，清澈美丽的池塘，还有桑树、竹子之类；田间小路交错相通，还能听到村落间鸡鸣狗叫的声音。那里来来往往耕种田地的人们，不论男女，衣着打扮同山外的人没有什么区别；不论是老人还是儿童，都显得那么愉快而自得自乐。他们看到渔人，十分惊讶。问他从何处来，渔人都作了
回答。山里人邀请渔人到家里，为他摆酒。杀鸡。做饭款待他。村里听说来了这样一位客人，都跑来打听外界的消息。据山里人自己讲，他们的祖先为了躲避秦朝的暴政，带领妻儿。乡亲来到这与外界隔绝的地方，从那以后就再也没有出去过，于是同外面的人断绝了来往。问如今外界是何朝何代，他们竞不知有过汉朝，就更不用说魏朝和晋朝了。渔人把自己所知道的外界之事一一他讲给他们听，大家听后都感慨叹惜。其他人也分别把他邀至家中，都拿出酒食款待他。住了几天，渔人向大家告辞。山里人嘱告渔人说：“这里的情况可没有必要对外面的人讲啊。”渔人从山洞出来，找到自己的船，便沿着原路往回行，一路上处处做了标记。来到武陵郡城下，前去拜见太守，述说自己此行的所见所闻。太守马上派人随渔人到桃花源去，寻找先前所做的标记，结果迷失方向，再也找不到原路。南阳有位刘子骇，是个高雅之人；听说此事后，高兴地要计划前往寻找桃花源。尚未成行，不久因病去世。以后就再也没有人去寻找桃花源了。
秦王暴政乱纲纪，贤士纷纷远躲避。
四皓隐居在商山，有人隐匿来此地。
往昔踪迹消失尽，来此路途已荒废。
相唤共同致农耕，天黑还家自休息。
桑竹茂盛遮浓荫，庄稼种植按节气。
春蚕结茧取长丝，秋日丰收不纳税。
荒草遮途阻交通，村中鸡犬互鸣吠。
祭祀仍遵古礼法，衣裳没有新款式。
儿童欢跳纵情歌，老者欣然自游憩。
草木花开知春到，草衰木凋知寒至。
虽无年历记时日，四季推移自成岁。
欢快安逸乐无穷，哪还需要动知慧？
奇踪隐蔽五百岁，一朝开放神奇界。
浮薄淳朴不同源，转眼深藏无处觅。
请问世间凡夫子，可知尘外此奇迹？
我愿踏乘轻云去，高飞寻找我知己。
范文三：与朱元思书桃花源记
《桃花源记》
晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。 ， 。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数
百步， ， ， ，渔人甚异之。复前行，欲穷其林。
既出，得其船， ， 。及郡下，诣太守，说如此。太守即遣人随
其往，寻向所志，遂迷，不复得路。
林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。便舍船，从口入。 ， 。
复行数十步，豁然开朗。 ， ， 。 ，
鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人。 ， 。
南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然规往。 ， ， 。
见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。具答之。便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人，咸来
问讯。 ， ， ， 。问今是《与朱元思书》
何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家，皆出酒
风烟俱净，天山共色。 ， 。自富阳至桐庐一百许里。 食。停数日，辞去。此中人语云:“ 。”
， 。 1.这首小令是南唐后主 降宋所写，借以表达他的 ，其感情基调
是 。
2.文中点明伤情的地点是 ，时间是 ，季节是 。
水皆缥碧，千丈见底。 ， 。急湍甚箭，猛浪若奔。夹岸高山，
3.这首词上片描绘出一幅怎样的景色, 皆生寒树， ， ，争高直指，千百成峰。泉水激石，泠泠作
4.词中写景简练而有序:“ ”一句是写仰望之景，“ ”响; ， 。蝉则千转不穷，猿则百叫无绝。
一句是俯视之景。
， ; ， 。横柯上蔽，在昼犹昏;5.“月如钩”是特定环境下的月景，在文中有什么表达作用, 疏条交映，有时见日。 6.“锁”字是传神之笔，试赏析。
7.“剪不断，理还乱”有什么表达效果,现在人们常用这一比喻，有什么新意,
《浣溪沙》
一曲新词酒一杯，去年天气旧亭台。夕阳西下几时回,
--------------，--------------。小园香径独徘徊。
1.这首词的哪些意象表现了时间的流逝?
2.所写的季节是什么时候? 《相见欢》
无言独上西楼，月如钩。 。 3.划线两句告诉我们怎样的生活哲理,
剪不断，理还乱，是离愁。别是一般滋味在心头。 4.这首词传达了作者的什么思想情感,
范文四：《桃花源记》与乌托邦.doc
《桃花源记》与乌托邦
作者简介:陈?，女，福建泉州人，四川外国语大学研究生部2011级中国现当代文学专业硕士研究生。
【摘要】陶渊明的《桃花源记》是中国“乌托邦”思想文章中最为出名的代表作，文章以其为承上启下，主要分析了《桃花源记》所体现的思想并阐述中国“乌托邦”思想在各个时期的演化和意义。
【关键词】桃花源 乌托邦 避世 现实性
陶渊明，字元亮，别号五柳先生，后改名潜，字渊明，浔阳柴桑人。他出生于一个衰微的官僚地主家庭。其曾祖是东晋的开国元勋，官至大司马，封长沙郡公，权倾一时，祖父陶茂、父亲陶逸做过太守，母亲是东晋名士孟嘉的女儿。然而到陶渊明的时候，九岁丧父，十三岁母丧，家境没落，从小便开始较艰贫的生活。
陶渊明少年寄居外祖父孟嘉里，时孟嘉隐于浔阳柴桑的农村里。浔阳东临鄱阳湖，北面长江，南靠庐山，风景优美。其“少小无适俗，性本爱丘山”(《归田园居》五首其一)等作品中可见一般，“目倦川涂异，心念山泽居”(《始作镇军参军经曲阿》)虽家境贫困，但生活恬静，对陶渊明的日后的思想有着深刻的影响，再加之其外祖父孟嘉的影响，“存心处世，颇多追访其外祖辈者”。和家里的藏书，时代思潮和家庭环境的影响，使他具有了“猛志逸四海”(《杂诗》十二首其五)和“自谓是羲皇上人”(《与子俨等疏》)的儒道思想志趣。
然而陶渊明处于封建社会的一个混乱时代，东晋王朝的苟安江南无所作为北方异族统治的前秦所虎视眈眈，而且当时的门阀之见，军阀攻伐，陶渊明所处的浔阳更是兵家之地。在这个内忧外患的时代，从一开始大济苍生“忆我少壮时，无乐自欣豫。猛志逸四海，骞翮思远翥”(《杂诗》十二首其五)，“少时壮且厉，抚剑独行游。谁言行游近，张掖至幽州。”(《拟古》九首其八)的抱负，到后面现实的摧毁，使其最后发出“有志不获聘”(《杂诗》十二首其二)的感慨。从30岁时任州祭酒到解归，35岁时投奔桓玄到失望离开，40岁时投奔刘裕到“我岂能为五斗米向乡里小儿折腰”，十多年的仕宦生涯，理想和现实的矛盾，贯穿了他的一生。
《桃花源记》作为中国文学史上最著名的乌托邦理想文章，写于义熙十三年，时年陶渊明53岁。义熙十二年八月刘裕开始北伐，依靠北方人民的支持，十月收复洛阳，次年八月攻破长安，灭了姚秦。陶渊明的好友羊松龄时为仕宦，陶渊明从他的入秦得到一些关于关中类似桃花源的见闻。戴延之随刘裕入关，著《西征记》就有一些这样的记事。《桃花源记》在综合西晋末年不能远徙北方人民为逃避压迫寻找与外隔绝避难的所谓避秦时乱的现实基础，加入了晋时流传刘?之入衡山采药失路的故事。
文章中桃花源是一个入世极深而出世又甚远、富于迷离恍惚、神奇莫测的浪漫色彩而又不失和平宁静劳动生活的现实性的理想境界。陶渊明以其晚年的切身体验结合现实社会，幻想了一个乐土――远离战乱纷飞的世间，没有王法，没有税收，没有标志朝代更迭的纪历史，一切以最为传统的方式和自然法则进行着，日出而做，日落而息，人人劳动，自食其力，生活富足而且欢乐有余，世间的机诈智谋在这里毫无用处，人们都在简朴
自然的生活当中获得了最大的满足和幸福。
像桃花源这样的理想乐土，是人类潜藏在内心共有的理想追求。西方文明史中，古希腊哲学家柏拉图的《理想国》和英国空想社会主义者托马斯?莫尔的《乌托邦》是这方面的杰出代表。《理想国》从哲学角度辩证了一个理想国建立的各种要素。《乌托邦》，在《理想国》的框架中，对乌托邦岛的地域、城镇、村庄、人民、传统风俗和社会生活进行了详细的描述和勾勒，而对其道德、法律、宗教信仰和人生观的清晰叙述，更是使人们怀疑它的真实性。可是这一切毕竟只是一种虚无飘渺的理想，始终得不到实现，“我情愿承认，乌托邦国家有许多事物，我虽愿意英国有，但不能希望英国”(《乌托邦》结语)。而同样，拥有悠久历史的中华文明当中，建立一个“乌托邦”是历朝历代人们所梦寐以求的。
追溯《桃花源记》中陶渊明的“乌托邦”思想渊源，便要从先秦时期的老子“小国寡民”说起。《老子》八十章中记述:
小国寡民:使有什伯之器而不用;使民重死而不远徙;虽有舟舆，无所乘之;虽有甲兵，无所陈之;使人复结绳而用之;甘其食，美其服，安其居，乐其俗;邻国相望，鸡犬之声相闻，民至老死不相往来。
从这段文字中可以看出道家在追求“弃圣绝智”、“返璞归真”的同时，对“乌托邦”的追求始终围绕其思想左右，老子以其对现实社会的深刻认识，描绘了“小国寡民”的蓝图，这种具有复古倾向的认识，影响了以后数千年中国的“乌托邦”梦。《列子》的《黄帝篇》同样也记载着一个华胥国的故事，描述了黄帝轩辕氏梦游华胥国的所见所闻:“其国无帅长，自然而已。其民无嗜欲，自然而已。不知乐生，不知恶死，故无夭殇;不
知亲己，不知疏物，故无爱憎;不知背逆，不知向顺，故无利害;都无所爱惜，都无所畏忌”。这和“小国寡民”颇为相似，在后世作品中，俨然被视为了远古盛世的象征，是一种“乌托邦”似的理想境界。宋代的李纲“驾言游醉乡，疑是华胥国。默然无是非，于此可以然”，明代的顾?“谓云华胥国，颇遂桃园?，咨诹逮幽隐，转痛闾阎情，山深吏治猛，里胥日纵横”等诸多文人作品中，都对华胥国这类“乌托邦”理想境界，充满了向往。
但到了陶渊明的时候，他的生活经历注定他对“小国寡民”和“华胥国”的钦慕和向往。然他躬耕实践和田园生活，使他对以上的“乌托邦”产生了更为进一步的认识和理解，我们所看到的桃花源是一个民风淳朴，充满生活情趣的社会，相对于复古的倾向，陶渊明更注重实际。排除对外界的不接触性，桃花源中处处洋溢着入世的描绘“见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。具答之。便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。”“余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。”这种古朴醇厚乡风的描述，使人们更倾向于桃花源中“乌托邦”拥有的一种极其感染人的现实性。它不是仙境，也不是只能停留在远古的不可返回的社会桃花源里“土地平旷，屋舍俨然”的景象，日出而作，日落而息的生活，正是我们日常生活平静的一种写照。而“林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光??初极狭，才通人。复行数十步，豁然开朗。”这种“柳暗花明又一村”的感觉，令人相信，桃花源就在我们身边，它亦真亦幻，若近若远，不仅是文字上的艺术，更是人们对“乌托邦”迫切的追求。正是这种魅力使《桃花源记》这篇文章，成为中国文化史中诸多优秀的“乌托邦”文章中代表。桃花源成了中国“乌
托邦”梦的神往之地。这个宁静安逸的桃花源，在往后的中国文学史上，成为文人们的精神乐园，围绕它产生了一系列文章作品，寄托了数千年来中国文人心中的桃花源。 唐时文人富浪漫色彩，且风气崇道，至使桃花源被传诵为仙境。人们更注重桃花源中的避世思想。从李白“秦人相谓曰，吾属可去矣。一往桃花源，千春隔流水”(《古风五十九首》三一)的羡慕和“则桃源之避世者，可谓超升先觉。”(《奉饯十七翁二十四翁寻桃花源序》)的理解到王维“初因避地去人间，及至成仙遂不还??.春来遍是桃花水，不辨仙源何处寻”(《桃源行》)和刘禹锡“仙家一去寻无踪，至今水流山重重”(《桃源行》)把其诠释成虚无缥缈的仙境。在许多的唐代关于桃花源的作品当中，桃花源是浪漫的象征，而对桃花源的认识也是对一个时代的认识。
到了宋代，宋人尚风骨和理学的盛行，桃花源的现实的一面得到了当时文学家的一致推崇，桃花源中的避世的农耕生活是大家所倾向的原因。苏轼《和桃花源诗》引言曰:“世传桃源事，多过其实。考渊明所记，止言先世避秦乱来此，则渔人所见，似是其子孙，非秦人不死者也。??尝思天壤之间，若此者甚众，不独桃源。”成为宋代及以后对桃花源的看法，就是对桃花源的现实性有着深刻的执着。而王安石在其作品《桃源行》“儿孙生长与世隔，虽有父子无君臣??重华一去宁复得，天下纷纷经几秦”不仅剖析了桃花源的社会实质，也赋予了桃花源的历史涵义，纵观有宋一代中的桃花源，较唐时更为亲近可得。
明清代时候理学极盛，儒家的入世态度影响愈发明显，或许桃花源已经不能完全是人们心中的“乌托邦”。但是桃花源中的安逸平等，没有压
迫在另一种思想表达中体现，明中叶产生的心学以“知行合一”的心态，在现实中创立属于心中的“乌托邦”。王阳明在其学说中“人者，天地之心”，对于人道的探求，拓宽了桃花源“乌托邦”的固有内涵，而且使之接近人生更具有普遍社会意义。这一点，我们可以从明时何心隐开办聚和堂窥之一二，这个乌托邦的实践:“爰谋诸族众，捐赀千金，建学堂于聚和堂之旁，设率教，率养，辅教，辅养之人，延师礼贤，族之文学以兴。计亩收租，会计度支，以输国赋。凡冠婚丧祭，以及孤独鳏寡失所者，悉裁以义，彬彬然礼教信义之风，数年之间，几一方之三代矣。”(邹元标《梁夫山传》)。陶渊明的笔下的桃花源在以一个更入世的形式在这个时代展示着。
同样，这个年代的“乌托邦”融入在这个时代最为扎眼的小说创作中。明代的《水浒传》记述着一个关于江湖道义维系的“乌托邦”的破灭，三十六天罡七十二地煞的命运，漂浮沉沦，却始终以忠义为核心，谱写出了他们的“乌托邦”。清代曹雪芹的红楼梦一书中描绘了一个“女儿国”的“乌托邦”――大观园，是文人对桃花源片面性的想象，相对于桃花源，这个写在现实中却根本不现实的“乌托邦”。大观园中的移步换景、美轮美奂、环境与世隔绝、摆脱了生活中的物质基础，这些和大观园外的现实相比起来，根本是两个世界。作者以他心中最美好的想象，创造出大观园，把园内的女子与外界隔绝，希望保持她们的完美单一，青春永恒，不沾染俗世中的烟火气，俨然是一个女子的桃花源。虽然文章最后以现实世界完胜，这个理想被彻底毁灭为结局，然后读者对当中的大观园印象最为深刻，或许这已经不是一个人的“乌托邦”了。而李汝珍的《镜花缘》里面的大
大小小的国家，正是一个又一个大大小小的“乌托邦”。明清的小说当中或多或少总会出现人们对美好事物的追求，寄托在一个体系――乌托邦，也就是我们所谓的世外桃源当中。
民国时期军阀混战，如同陶渊明所生活的那个时代，内忧外患，人们对动乱的不安，心灵的寄托往往便只有这个时代的桃花源。其中以鲁迅和沈从文为的作品中的描绘最为人们称道。二者笔下的“乌托邦”和陶渊明的桃花源似曾相似，历经变幻的桃花源，得到回归。
鲁迅在自己作品中绘画出的心灵故乡，和桃花源有着异曲同工之妙。《社戏》是一篇关于农村乌托邦的回忆 “那声音大概是横笛，宛转，悠扬，使我的心也沉静，然而又自失起来，觉得要和他弥散在含着豆麦蕴藻之香的夜气里。”当中关于这个乡下的类似的美好描写，他不吝啬笔墨，使人们放佛置身其中，而乡下人之间的单纯的人际关系，更是追求美好的回归。而在《故乡》这篇小说中，在以少年闰土为中心的“故乡”中，鲁迅所构想的故乡是灵魂的故乡，正如桃花源一般，人们只能用心去感受，“这时候，我的脑里换闪出一幅神异的图画来:深蓝的天空中挂着一轮金黄的圆月，下面是海边的沙地，都种着一望无际的碧绿的西瓜??”他的描述总会令人联想到桃花源记中关于桃花源的描述，而这些文字的背后还有个一个令人神往的社会。
沈从文是个唯美主义者，他的许多文学作品都浸润着一种桃花源似的梦想。他笔下的边城俨然就是桃花源。“沈从文并不刻意带领读者去桃花源旅行而是想重借桃源上行七百里酉水流域一个小城中几个凡夫俗子，被一件事牵连在一处时，个人应有的一份快乐，为人类‘爱’字作一度恰如
其分的说明”边城里面展现出来的人物和景色的遥想呼应，相应添彩，在构建一个理想的人性时，创立一个人性的理想国。或许这个比陶渊明笔下的桃花源更多了一层涵义，他们不是为了逃避，仿佛这个世界本来就该美好。
在中国源远流长历史中，桃花源一直是美好的化身，是人们所向往的境界。中国人民在对于理想社会和美好家园的憧憬与渴望，在历代的文学作品中可见一斑。虽然每个时代，每个人对桃花源的认识和期待都不尽相同，但是所以描绘出来的桃花源都能引起大家的共鸣。
【参考文献】
[1]袁行霈.陶渊明研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社， 2009.01
[2]李长之.陶渊明传论[M].天津:天津人民出版社， 2006.10
[3]李锦泉.陶潜评传[M].南京:南京大学出版社， 1998.12
[4]W孟二冬.陶渊明集译注及研究[M].北京:昆仑出版社，2007
范文五：桃花源记和与朱元思书联考
阅读《桃花源记》《与朱元思书》检测
姓名 分数
一.按拼音填汉字并解释所填字的意思。10分
1.便,ā,( )还家 2.,,á,( )溪行
3.,ú,( )病终 4.欣然ɡ,ī( )往
5.后,,ì( )无问津者 二写出画线字古义及今义12分
1阡陌交通 古义 今义 2.率妻子邑人 古义 今义 3.来此绝境 古义 今义 4.诣太守，说如此 古义 今义 5.无论魏晋 古义 今义 6.芳草鲜美 古义 今义 三翻译下列句子(每句2分共10分)
1夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。
2土地平旷，屋舍俨然,有良田美池桑竹之属。
3自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境。
4既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之。
5黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐
四、.阅读理解(20分)
1文章?段描写桃林美景有何作用,(3分)
2第?段为何村人听完渔人的话后皆叹惋,(3分)
3第?段村人为何云“不足为外人道也。(3)
4本文描绘来了一个怎样的社会,寄托了怎样的社会理想,我们应怎样评价这种社会理想,(6分)
5文章表现了作者崇高的政治理想，你面对眼前的世界想说点什么,(3)
6、重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”意境相似的成语是什么,2分
7(渔人是个怎样的人,写渔人有怎样的作用, 4分
8(由“初极狭，才通人。复行数十步，豁然开朗”你能从中联想到哪些人生道理或启示, 3分
三、读《与朱元思书》练习
1、给下列加点的词注音。6分
缥碧( ) 轩邈( ) 泠泠( ) (((
嘤嘤( ) 鸢飞戾天( ) 横柯( ) (((
2、解释下列加点词。8分
一百许里( ) 急湍甚箭( )水皆缥碧( )负势竞上( ) ((((
互相轩邈( )( )窥谷忘反( )疏条交映( )横柯上蔽( ) ((((((
3、将下面的句子译成现代汉语。6分
负势竞上，互相轩邈;争高直指，千百成峰。
鸢飞戾天者，望峰息心;经纶世务者，窥欲忘反
4、作者描绘异水时，抓住了水的什么特点，描绘奇山时，紧扣山的什么特征,3
5、本文按什么顺序写景的,3分
________________________________________________________________________。 6、找出从视觉和听觉方面写景物的对偶句各一组，并说说它们的表达效果。3
_____________________________________________________________________7、文中直接描给急湍、猛浪的形象，使人恍若亲见的句了是什么,它使我们想起了李白的<朝发白帝城>>中描写江水的哪些句子,4分
8、“鸢飞戾天者，望峰息心，经纶世务者，窥谷忘记反”四句表达了作者怎样的思想感情,4分
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9、理解填空。4分
全文共三层，以,,,,,,,,一句作为全文的纲领，为总写，第二层写“异水”，以,,,,,,,,,写水流舒缓处，以,,,,,,,,写水流湍急处。第三层写“奇山”以,,,、,,,、,,、,,,等字，将崇山峻岭化静为动，再以,,，,,，,,，,,四种声音从听觉写出山间的勃勃生机。
10、下列说法有错误的一项是( )3分
A(“与朱元思书”中的“书”是作者写的信，“猛浪若奔”的“奔”为奔驰之意，“一百许里”的“许”表约数，“左右”的意思。
B(从结构上看，本文为总分结构，第一段总写“富春江山水的特点，然后分别具体描绘异水和奇山。C(作者在表现山奇时，一写山高，二写谷深，三写林密。
D(“鸢??返”句流露出作者厌恶官场，超脱尘世的清高思想，同时又反衬大自然的诱人魅力。
