超级爱范儿
英语中，定语从句成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。他们语中的位置一般是在其修饰的先行后面。限定性定语从句与非限定定语句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。而汉语中定语为饰语通常在其所饰的词前面，并且没有限制意义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非制在翻译中并起十分重要的作用。英中多用结构复的定语句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。所以，在翻译定语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。如果英语的定从句长，无论是限制性的或非限制性，都不宜译成汉语中的定语，而应用其他方
一、前置法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰
然定语从句的意义是作定语饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较的语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
没有吃过苦的人
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to
explore.
太空和海洋是科学家
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.
他那富有感染力的笑
二、后置法:把定语从句翻译在所
英的英语从句结常常比较复杂，如果翻在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无叙述。这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分。翻译时可以用
(一)重复
由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语
句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.
他把这件事告诉了约翰，
We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.
在我们对特别委员会表示满意，
You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.
你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得
获得了更大
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.
他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和
关键。
(二)省
如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，
以不用重复
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
是他接到那封信，
They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.
他们制定出一种新方案，采
After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续
三、融合法:把定语从句和它所修
融合是指翻译时把句和定语从句融合成一句简单，其中的定语从句译成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句主句关较紧密，以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be ”结构
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
下有人要见你。(原句中主句部分there is a man翻译成“有人”，然后将定语从句译
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the
new invention.
在们工厂里，多人对这项新发明很感趣。(原句中的主句部分there are many people翻译成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定
We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication
of national identity.
我驾驶的飞机乎每一个部件都有一国籍标志。(原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重是在语从句中，因此，翻译时将主句译成主语，而将定语
She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved
anywhere.
她在银里的存款足以使她到处受到欢。(原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重点是在语中，因此，翻译时将主句译成主语，而将定语从
四、状译法
英语的定语句与汉语中的定语还有一个不同方，那就是，英语有些定从句和主句关系不密切，它语上看是修饰定语从句的先行词的，但实际上限定作用不强，是修饰主句的谓语或全句的，起状语作用。也就说，有些定从句兼有状语从职能，在意上与句有状语关系，表明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。在这种情况下，需要灵活处理，在确理解英语原文的基础，弄清楚逻辑关系，然后把英语中些
(一)译成表示“
A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be
absent-minded.
司机在开车时，不许和
(二)译成表示“原因”的分句
He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.
他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，
(三)译成表示“条件”的分句
Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.
人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么
(四)译成表示“让步”的分句
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for
尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。
(五)译成表示“目的”的分句
He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.
为了引起公众对这一事件
He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.
为了证明他的论点，他
(六)译成表示“结果”的分句
They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.
他们企图镇压反抗，结果
(七)译成表示“转折”的分句
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。
高中英语定语从句的翻译技巧
外语下载中心 http://down.tingroom.com
高中英语定语从
英语中，定语从句成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。他们语中的位置一般是在其修饰的先行后面。限定性定语从句与非限定定语句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。而汉语中定语为饰语通常在其所饰的词前面，并且没有限制意义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非制在翻译中并起十分重要的作用。英中多用结构复的定语句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。所以，在翻译定语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。如果英语的定从句长，无论是限制性的或非限制性，都不宜译成汉语中的定语，而应用其他方
一、前置法:把定语从句翻译到所修
接。
然定语从句的意义是作定语饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较的从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
没有吃过苦的人
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to
explore.
太空和海洋是科学家
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.
他那富有感染力的笑
二、后置法:把定语从句翻译在所
英的英语从句结常常比较复杂，如果翻在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无叙述清。这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。翻译时可以用
(一)重
于定语从句的先行词通常在定从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语句翻出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.
他把这件事告诉了约翰，
We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee,
whose activities deserve to be encouraged.
在我们对特别委员会表示满意，
外语下载中心 http://down.tingroom.com
You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.
你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得
获得了更大
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.
他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和
关键。
(二)省
如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，
以不用重复
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
是他接到那封信，
They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.
他们制定出一种新方案，采用
After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续
三、融合法:把定语从句和它
融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从
成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语
用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be ”结构带有定语从句的句型。
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
后将定语从句译成句
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.
在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很
are many people翻译成“许多
的谓语部分。)
We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication
外语下载中心 http://down.tingroom.com
of national identity.
我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都
整句句子的重点是在定语从句中，因此，
译成句子的谓
She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere.
她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到
的重点是在定语从句中，因此，翻译时
的谓语部分。)
四、状译法
英语的定语从句与汉语中的定语还
定语从句和主句关系不密切，它从语法
上限定作用不强，而是修饰主句的谓语
定语从句兼有状语从句的职能，在意义
目的、让步、假设等关系。在这种情况
的基础上，弄清楚逻辑关系，然后把英
句。
(一)译成表示“时间”的分句
A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.
司机在开车时，不许和
(二)译成表示“原因”的分句
He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was
now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.
他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，
(三)译成表示“条件”的分句
Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep
alive their families.
人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么
(四)译成表示“让步”的分句
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for
尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。
(五)译成表
外语下载中心 http://down.tingroom.com
He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.
为了引起公众对这一事件
He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.
为了证明他的论点，他
(六)译成表示“结果”的分句
They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.
他们企图镇压反抗，结果
(七)译成表示“转折”的分句
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。
高中英语定语从句如何翻译
翻译知识
http://www.etctrans.com/ 深圳翻译公司
英语中的定语从句分限制性从句与非限制性句两种。在翻译定语句，限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用，重要的是要考虑到汉语的表达习惯，龙文学校11辅导教师建学们如果需要译的英语的定语从句太长，无论是限制性或是非限制性的，不宜译成汉语的定语，下面龙文校1对1辅导教师与大家同
一、前置法:把定语从句翻译到所修
然定语从句的意义是作定语饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较的从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is
sweet.,没有吃过苦
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying
to explore.,太空和海
二、后置法:把定语从句翻译在所
英的英语从句结常常比较复杂，如果翻在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太冗长，而无叙述清。这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。翻译时可以用
,,重复先行词:由于定语从句的行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果独把语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.,他把这件事告诉了约翰，
,二,省略先行词:如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，“顺、完整”的前提下，有时候可
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your
uncle.,是他接到那封
三、融合法:把定语从句和它
融合是指翻译时把主和定语从句融合成一句简单，其中的定语从句译成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句主句关紧密，以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be ”结构带
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
下有人要见你。,原句中主句部分there is a man翻译成“有人”，然后将定语从句译
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested
in the new invention.
在们工厂里，多人对这项新发明很感趣。,原句中的主句部分there are many people翻译成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定
四、状译法
英语的语从句与汉语中的定语还一个不同的地方，那就，英语中有些定语句和主句关系不密切，它从语法上看是修饰定语从句的先行词的，但实际上限定作用不强，而是修主句的谓语句的，起状语用。也就是说，有些定语从句兼有状语从句的职能，在义上与主句有语关系，表明原、结果、目的、让步、假设关
活处理，在准确理解英语原文的
后把英语中的这些定语从句
,一,译成表示“时间”的分句
A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be
absent-minded.,司机在
,二,译成表示“原因”的分句
He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.,他似乎
不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她
,三,译成表示“条件”的分句
Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.,人们极
管什么工作，只要它能维持
,四,译成表示“让步”的分句
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.,尽管他并没有这样的需
,五,译成表示“目的”的分句
He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention
to the matter.,为了引
章。,
He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.,为
了证明他的论点，他正在
,六,译成表示“结果”的分句
They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.,他们企
愈来愈烈，遍
,七,译成表
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband
seldom was.,她对孩子们
最，龙文学校辅
wasted, life is wasted.,你不能改变你的过去，但你可以让你的未来变更美。一旦时间浪费了，生命就浪费了,”。只有知识是最宝贵
从近年的考翻译真题可以看出，文的题材大多是有关政治、经济、文化、育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容，文体以议论文为主，说明文为辅，结构严谨，逻辑强。明确研英语翻译验，我们有针对性地来谈一下英语翻译技巧。天译时北京翻译公给考生整理了考英语翻译反译法，希望
一个题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。有些句
1)否定译
Eg:
I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.
每一次经过那家剧院，我都会
Eg:
Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey
revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美国公民科盲
日益严重，这种调查报告几乎
2)肯定译
Eg:
Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨饿
的权利。
Eg:
This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion
that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，[源:考研加油
乏使农业无
量消耗、投入少数农民就可能
续下去了。
Eg:
The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent
users.把标准化测试作为抨
类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病
用不当。
几种特殊否定句
“no more…than翻译
Eg:
The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.脏和胃一样
配。
Eg:
There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.他们没有理
由限
定你吃多少维生素，就如同他们不
“not so much …as”
Eg:
It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.与其说他输了比赛是
多次
被击中，不如说是自
Eg:
There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research
techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.所谓方法论是指一的历史研究中
历史研究中
领域使用的研究手段，人
Eg:
He is the last person I want to see in the world.他是这个世界
上我最不愿
高中英语定语从句学案
?试着把上面?的含有定?从句复合句?拆成
一、有关定语从?句念 定语从句中?的关系只?有两类:关系代词和?关副词(充当从句连?接词
?带定语从句?复合句实?际可看两?个简单句的?重新合。 系词的作?用:1)指代先行词?，2)在从句中做?成分 3)连接主句? 定语从句定?义:定语从句是?用来充当句?中定的主?;它主要用于谓结构?修
位置:常常是紧?在被修的?名词、代词后。 ?1)关系代词:who , whom 定语从句和?主句的连接?:在被修饰的?名、代词与定语?从句之间往?往有一
who于?代替"示人的意?"先行词，并且在从句?中作主语;在现英语?里，也可取代部分联?系成一个整?体，或构成一?个名词短语?;或是构成
w?hom从?句中作动词?的宾，但是介词后?必须用wh?om。Whom 只能做宾语?。 注意:系与从?句是一个整?体，在
I have no idea about? the man who wrote? the artic?le . 要点提示:
我认识写?这篇文章的?个人。 1)"关系词"指代行词?，关系词的作?用就是将先?行词所表达?意义"代到"从句
Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talke?d to just now ? 如:
刚才和你说?话的那个女?
They are looki?ng for the patie?nt on whom docto?rs just perfo?rmed an opera?tion . 他 们正
在寻找?那医生刚?刚给他做?手术的病人?。 他们常在人?们一般不会?感到害怕的情况下很?容易感到恐??惧或是
例如: 2)关系代词:which? which ? 用于代替"表示事物意?义"的先行词，在从句
Rude peopl?e are those(先行词)? whose (?关系词)behav?ior shows? littl?e respe?ct
语。 for the rules(先行词)? that(关系词) the major?ity follo?ws .
I've got a novel? which? you may like to read . 不讲礼貌的?人是指(那些)他的为对大多数人??所遵从的规则并不表
我弄到本?你或许想看?小。 2)“关系词"的选择”择由1)先行词自身?表达的意义?2)关系词在从?句中的所
That was a fault? which? could? not be forgi?ven . 那是不能饶?恕
Some peopl?e who are succe?ssful? langu?age learn?ers often? fail in other? field?s . 3) 关系代词:that 可以代替先?行词“表示事物”“人”行词,可做主语和?宾语和语?，有些在语言?学习上很有?成就
但是介词后?必
我们班上有?些家不在武?汉市的同
There? are many sound?s which? have a meani?ng and yet are not words? . 我弄到一本?
有许多声音?意义但不?是词。 That was a fault? that/whichcould? ? not be forgi?ven . 那是
Tell him to go to the class?room where? we often? have our Engli?sh class? . I have no idea about? the man that/who wrote? the artic?le . (如果把这
Tell him to go to the class?room .We often? have our Engli?sh class? in the class?room.) 4) 关系代词:whose? + n = the +n + of which?/ the +n+ of whom, 例如: 告诉去我?们常上英语?课的
Do you know the name of that girl whose? broth?er is your roomm?ate ?
1
?当先行词?形容词最高?级或序
你知道她的?哥与你同?寝的那位?女孩的名?
The house? whose? windo?ws face south? belon?gs to me.(whose? windo?ws= _____?_____?_____?_____?) 这是这家书?店售
完
?当先行词?the very，the only，the same等?修饰时。 ?如果关代?词在定语从?句中作宾
That’s?the?only?thing? that we can do now.目前我们只?能这样
完成句子: Those? are _____?_____?_____?_____?__.(他所说?)。 这就是你昨?
Who is the man ( whom ) you're talki?ng about? ? ?当行词是?一个既指人?又指物
你们谈论的?那个人是谁?, They were talki?ng about? the perso?ns and thing?s that they saw in the facto?ry. ?定语从句中?，关系词的?单复数取?于
完成句子:They talke?d of _____?_____?_____?_____?_____?___.(他们所能?得
请些年龄?在四十岁?的人于今天?下午进行?体检。 ?当关代词?在定语从句?中
This is the magaz?ine which? was sent to me by post . China? is not the count?ry that it was.中国已
这是通过邮?局寄给我?杂志。 ?当要避免?疑问词wh?ich重复?时。 ?关系代t?hat 和whic?h Which? is the car that was made in Beiji?ng?哪辆车北?京制造的? (1)相同点 这两个关系?代词引导?语从句时，都可以指物?;在从中都?可作主语或?宾语;作宾语时都?可省?
The train? that ( which? ) has just left is for Shang?hai.刚开的那列?火车去上?海的。(作主语) ?引导非
The film that(which?) we saw last night? is wonde?rful.我们昨天晚?看的电影?好了。(作宾语，Footb?all, which? is an inter?estin?g game, is playe?d all over the world?. 可省略) 全世界都踢?足球，它是一项有?趣的运动。 (2)区:?用that?，不用whi?ch
?当先行词是?不定代词或?被它们?时。 all, every?thing?, nothi?ng, somet?hing, anyth?ing, littl?e等卡罗尔说这?项工作将在?十月前做，对此个人?示怀疑。 不代?时(somet?hing之?后也
To get the job start?ed, all that I need is your permi?ssion?. other?s unhap?py.
要开工作?，我所需要?是你的许可?。 桃茜总是?吹嘘她在戏?剧
He answe?red few quest?ions that the teach?er asked?. ?直接放在介?
他几乎没有?答老师的?那
翻译:有
2
这本书跟我?丢失那本书?一模一样。(并不是原来?的那一本) 5)系代词:as可以作为关系代词??导定性?定语从句、非限定性
(4)as 引导非限制?性定语从
做主?语和宾。(常用于su?ch?…?as和th?e?same?…?as?等句中) as作关系?代词，还可用来引?导非制?定语从句，可以用来代?替一个句
(1)as导限?制定语从?句常成?such...as或th?e same...as固定搭?配，as在
语?、表语或宾
I shoul?d like to use the same tool as you used yeste?rday. As is known? to every?body, the moon trave?ls round? the earth? once every? month?.
我想用你昨?天用的那?种工
Many of the sport?s were the same as they are now. 所周知，月球一月绕?地球
过去的许多?动项目同?现在的一样?。(作
介词+关系代词 Don’t?read such books? as are not worth? readi?ng. Read such books? as you can under?stand?.
不要读那些?值得读的?书，只去读那?能读懂的?书就可以了?。 在这种结构?中，关系代词若?是表示人的?意义，就只能用w?hom ;关系代
意义，就
她把所有?钱借给了我?。 何选择介?词:1)与先词的?搭配有关，2)与从句的?动词/名词/形容词短
?动词与
根据需要反?复这做。(作主
(2)such…that…与such?…as The man to whom you talke?d just now will host the progr?amme tomor?row.( talk to + 名词 "
“such…that…”表“如此……以致……”意思，用来引导一?个结果语?从句;而与某人谈
“such…as…”表“像……这样的……”的意思，用引导定?语从句，as在从句?中充当主、宾或表?名词与
They are still? livin?g in the littl?e house? they've been lived in which?? for 15 years? . ( in the house? "语等?。
在屋子里" ) He is such an hones?t man that we respe?ct him.
他是一个?此诚实的人?至于我们?都尊敬他。 他们现在还?住在他们已?住了15年?的那个
He is such an hones?t man as we respe?ct. We've worke?d out a metho?d by whichour produ? ?ction? can be raise?d.
他像我煤泥?烘干机们所?尊敬的种?诚实的人。 ( by a metho?d通过某种?方法) 们已研制?出了一个能?提
(3)the?same…that…与the same as ?形容词与介?词的搭配
“the?same…that…”表同一人或?，而“the?same…as…”表类的?东西。试比较下列?两个The secre?tary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired?? for her ineff?icien?cy . (happy? with "句子: 对…
老板对不?满意的那个?秘由于她没?有工作效率?而被
这就是我丢?失那书。(指同一书?) I've found? the job for which? I've been eager for a long time.?( eager? for "渴
已找到了?我渴望已久?的
3
响句子?意思的整?性;有甚至于?引起费、
的前?面，即做名词的?定语。 (be famil?iar with 熟悉…)
They expla?ined the reaso?n to us why they had hated? us befor?e. 他们向我们?解释为什么?他们
关系副词 This is a boy who is loved? by anyon?e.
非限定性定?语从句 关系副词:when , where? , why 。等
非限性定?语从句在形?式与主?句很松散，它与主句之?间一个逗?点"，"隔开;它对 在定语从
其先行?词没有限定?、饰的作用?，只起补、说明的作用?。有
明。即使将其去?掉，也不会影?句子意思。由上述?因，非限定性定?语从句在表?达意思方面?when 代替“介词+先行时间名?词”在从句中充?当状
也有别于限?定性定语从?句。另外，非限定性定?语在中?文文里，一般将其作?为一个分?处 Peopl?e will alway?s remem?ber the time when Hong Kong and Macao? retur?ned to our
The sun heats? the earth? , which? makes? it possi?ble for plant?s to grow . 人们会永远?记住香港和?澳门回
(此句中，非限定定?语从句是?全句进行补?充、说,将全句表达?的意思看成?"一件事情)。 翻:这是我
太阳给予大?地热，这使植物?的生长成?可能。 where?替 “词+先行地点名?词”在从句中充?当地点状语?，相当于in?/on/at /to which? The old man has a son , who is in the army .那位老人
The place? where? we're to have the Speec?h Conte?st has not been decid?ed yet. (此句中，非定性?语从句是对?先行词so?n进行补充?、说明。
老人只?
如果将此?改写成
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有?一个在部队?工作的儿子?。 why 代 “词for? the reaso?n”表示原因,在从句中充?当原因状语?状语。 这样一来，句子所传达?的息就变?成了:"这位老人有?一个
儿子在干别?
他没有告诉?她为什么他?那么高兴的?
?As 引导的特殊?非限定性
她迟到的原?因不那么令?人接。 (as可以作?为关系词?引导非限定?性定语从句?时，as是指全?句:也就是说，
一件事?或一个事?实;并对其?补充、说明。这种非限定?性语从句?既可以放在?主句之前， 定
As I know , she hasn't got marri?ed . 如我所知，她未结婚?。 在英文中，有两种定语?从:限
功?能和形式?面都有
可以预料，他们
Profe?ssor Li is extre?mely popul?ar among? stude?nts , as is known? to all of us . 如我们大家?所知，李限定定语?句与主句?的关系很紧?奏，对其先行词?起限定、修
4
教授极受?学生们
at least? year. 特殊先
A. these? B. those? C. that D. of which?
当先行词为?the way关?词且从句中?做状语是常?用that?(=in which?)，但通常被省?。 10. The boys, _____?_____?_ could? not reach? the shelf?, went to look for somet?hing to stand? on. I don't like the way(that)you speak? to her.我不喜欢你?对她
定语从句
11. Is this the facto?ry _____?_ color? TV sets are produ?ced? 1. Do you still? remem?ber the day _____?_____?_ I first? came to Beiji?ng?
A. which? B. that C. when D. where? A. that B. which? C. in which? D. in that
12. This is Mr Smith?, _____?_____? I think? has somet?hing inter?estin?g to tell you. 2. 2 I’m?going? to visit? the schoo?l _____?____ my mothe?r taugh?t physi?cs ten years? ago.
A. who B. whom C. which? D. Whose? A. where? B. that C. which? D. what
13. Mothe?r bough?t me a dicti?onary? on my birth?day, _____?___ma?de me very happy?. 3. In the dark stree?t, there? wasn’t?a?singl?e perso?n _____?____ they could? turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. from whom A. what B. that C. who D. which?
4. ---- How do you like the cake? 14. She wore a heavy? fur coat in such a hot day, _____?_____?_ I found? quite? stran?ge.
A. which? B. that C. what D. when ---- It’s?quite? diffe?rent from _____?____ I had last month?.
A. that B. which? C. the one D. the one what 15.China? has hundr?eds of islan?ds,_____?_____?___ the large?st is Taiwa?n. 5. In the 1950s?, _____?____ black?s?didn’t?have?equal? right?s, a lot of march?es took place?. A.in which? B. at which? C. of which? D. from which?
A. when B. that C. which? D. from which? 16. We came to a place? _____?_____?__ they had never? paid a visit? befor?e. 6. The scien?tist and his achie?vemen?ts _____?__you? told me about? are admir?ed by us all( A. to where? B. to which? C. that D. which?
A(which? B(who C(that D(whose? 17. It was twelv?e?o’clock? _____?_they? finis?hed the work. 7. The retir?ing teach?er made a speec?h _____?____ she thank?ed the class? for the gift.
A. since? B. which? C. that D. when
A. which? B. of which? C. in which? D. that
18. He often? helps? the stude?nts _____?_____? he think?s are not quick? at their? studi?es. 8. He has to work on Sunda?ys, _____?_____? he does not like.
A. whom B. who C. when D. becau?se A. and which? B. which? C. and when D. when
19.Is there? a resta?urant? aroun?d ____I? have somet?hing to eat?
5
A. that B. what C. which? D. where? A(which? B(that C(when D(where?
20. In the open boat, the four men, _____?____ was a docto?r, met with a storm? on the sea. 32(I often? thoug?ht of my child?hood , _____?___I lived? on a farm(
A. one of which? B. one of who C. one of whom D. one of them A(which? B(where? C(when D(who
21. His glass?es, _____?___ he was like a blind? man, fell to the groun?d and broke?. 33 . The film broug?ht the hours? back to me _____?_ I was taken? good care of in that far-away
A. which? B. from which? C. with which? D. witho?ut which? villa?ge.
22. The look, the cover? _____?___ is broke?n, is not mine. A. until? B. that C. when D. where?
A. of it B. for C. whose? D. of which? 34. _____?___ is known? to every?body, the moon trave?ls round? the earth? once every? month?. 23(Footb?all is a very inter?estin?g game ,_____?__ is playe?d all over the world?( A. It B. As C. That D. What
A(that B(which? C(it D(who 35. The weath?er turne?d out to be very good, _____? was more than we could? expec?t. 24(Is there? anyth?ing else_?_____? you need? A. what B. which? C. that D. it
A(which? B(that C(who D(what 36 .After? livin?g in Paris? for fifty? years? he retur?ned to the small? town, _____?__ he grew up as a 25(The last place? _____?__we visit?ed was the Great? Wall( child?.
A(which? B(that C(where? D(it A. which? B. where? C. that D. when
26(He talke?d happi?ly about? the men and books? _____?____i?ntere?sted him great?ly in the schoo40. He made anoth?l( ?er wonde?rful disco?very, _____?___ of great? impor?tance? to scien?ce.
A(which? B(who C(it D(that A. which? I think? is B.which? I think? it is C. which? I think? it D. I think? which? is 27(I’ve?read?all?the?books? _____?__wer?e borro?wed from the libra?ry ( 41. Carol? said the work would? be done by Octob?er, _____? perso?nally? I doubt? very much.
A(that B(/ C(which? D(they A(as B(which? C(that D(this
28(His uncle? works? in a facto?ry _____?__bic?ycles? are made( 42.Cruso?e’s?dog?becam?e ill and died , made him very lonel?y (
A(that B(which? C(where? D(there? A(as B(which? C(that D(this
29(There? is no dicti?onary? _____?__ you can find every?thing?( 43(They’ve?invit?ed me to their? party? , _____?____ is kind of them(
A(that B(which? C(where? D(in that
A(as B(which? C(That D(This
30(Next month?, you’ll?spend? in your homet?own is comin?g(
44(Is oxyge?n the only gas _____?___ helps? fire burn ? A(which? B(that C(when D(where ?
A(that B(/ C(which? D(it 31(Next month?, _____?_ you’ll?be?in?your?homet?own is comin?g(
6
45(This is the best hotel? in the city_?_____?__ I know (
A(which? B(that C(where? D(it
7
高中英语 定语从句教案
Book III. Module 5 之法学习: 定
概念及引导词
用来修饰某个名或代词的从句，叫定语从句。引
关系代that, which, who ,whom, whose, as; 关系副词when, where, how, why 等。
词或关系副词有双作用: 一方面起连词作用，连从句与主句。
在从句中起一定的句作用(关系代词可作主语和宾语，系副词可作状
定语从句所修饰的个名词或代词叫先行词，定语从放在其后。定
为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从
一 关系代词之
1 指物的
There is a film. I’d like to see the film. There is a film that I’d like to see.
The pen is quite good. I am using it. The pen which\that I am using is quite good.
The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday. The letter that \which I received yesterday is from my sister
当关系代词在定从句中作宾语时，引导词可省略。思考:以上三
些引导词可省略,
(2)当堂训练: 把下列每对句子连成一句，把第个句子作为定
1) The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.
_________________________________________________.
2) The CD is on the desk. You want it .________________________________.
3) The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
_____________________________.
4) He came from a big family. The family is very poor.
______________________________________________________________.
5) Sandstorms are strong ,dry winds. The winds carry sand.
_______________________________________________________________.
6) Ren Jianbo described a sandstorm. He experienced a sandstorm as a child. ____________________________________________________________.
2( 指人的关系代词:who(在从句中做语); whom(
主语或宾语)
The man is a policeman . The man is shaking hands with my father. The man who\that is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
The man who \that brought our textbooks here yesterday is in the next room.
用心 爱心 专
That is my math teacher. I referred to the teacher yesterday. That teacher( whom) I referred to yesterday is my math teacher.
Mrs Smith is a friend of mine . You met Mrs Smith last week. Mrs Smith (whom)
you met last week is a friend of mine.
(2) 当堂训:把下列每对句子连成一句，把第个句子作为定
1) The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.
___________________________________________________
2) The woman is a film star. You saw her in the park.
______________________________________________________
3) The girl is not here now. The girl told me the news.
_____________________________________________________
4) The boys are physics students. The boys live in this house
____________________________________________________
5) The man invented the first real clock. I thought of the man .
____________________________________________________.
6) Mozi was another teacher. He was very influential.
_____________________________________________.
3 关系代词whose : 指所有?的，指人物，在从句中
Confucius is the philosopher. His influence has been the greatest. Confucius is
the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. This is the scientist. His
name is known all over the country. This is the scientist whose name is known all
over the country.
Nobody wants the house. The house’s roof has fallen in. Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in .
(2) 当堂训:把下列每对句子连成一句，把第个句子作为定
1)Here is the girl. Her brother works in the shop.
__________________________________________.
2) This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.
___________________________________________________
3) I want to talk to the boys. Their homework hasn’t been handed in .
_________________________________________________________________ 当
堂检测:1:把下每对句子连成一句，把第二句子作为定
1(The power station generates half the province’s energy.
We visited the power station
___________________________________________.
2. The woman was an expert on Egyptian relics. We met the woman at the temple.
________________________________________________________________.
用心 爱心 专
3 The temple was Abu Simbel. We visited the temple.
__________________________________________________.
4. The carvings are extremely ancient. We saw the carvings on the cliff. _____________________________________________________.
5. Confucius is the philosopher. His influence has been the greatest. _____________________________________________________________.
答案
1 指物的关系代词 :当堂
1)The book which/that you lent to me yesterday is very interesting.
The CD which/that you want is on the desk. 2)
3) The magazine which/that he has taken away is mine.
4) He came from a big family which/that is vey poor.
5) Sandstorms are strong dry winds which/that carry sand.
6) Ren Jianbo described a sandstorm which/that he experienced a sandstorm as a
child.
2指人的 关系代
1)The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam.
2) The woman whom you saw in the park is a film star.
3) The girl who told me the news is not here now.
4) The boys who live in this house are physics students.
5) The man who I thought of invented the first real clock.
6) Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
3 关系代词whose
1) Here is the girl whose brother works in the shop.
2)This is the boy whose sister is famous singer.
3) I want to talk to the boys whose homework hasn’t been handed in . 当堂检测
1The power station which we visted generates half the province’s energy. 2The
woman whom we met at the temple was an expert on Egyptian relics. 3The temple
which we visited the temple was Abu Simbel.
4.The carvings which we saw on the cliff are extremely ancient.
5.Confucius is the philopher whose influnence has been the greatest.
关系代词之二
一关系代词that which 用法区:在以下情况中，只能
1 先行词
There is nothing that I can do 没有我能
用心 爱心 专
I mean the one that was brought yesterday. 我指的是昨
Is there anything that I can do for you ? 能为你
2.
I have read all the books that you gave me . 我读了你给我的所有的书。 You may
take home any of these books that you like.
你可以把些书中任何你所喜欢的带回
We have little water that can be used. 我们几乎没有
3. 先行被序数词或形容词的最高级修
This is the first composition that he has written in English这是
篇作文。.
This is the best novel that I have ever read. 是
worst film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最糟
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the last
The white flower is the only one that I really like.只有这朵白花是
This is the very book that I want to find. 这正是我想
The last place that we visited was the hospital。我们最后参
5. 当先行词有个或两个以上，既有人又有物时，定
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
他谈到了参观到的学校和学校的老
二 当堂练; 选出正确答案并标出
1 There are lots of things ______ I need to do before I leave tonight.
A. that B. who C. why D. what
2. The first thing _____ we should do is to send the child to school.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
3. The last book _____ I bought is lost.
A .what B. that C. which D. it
4. I have told you everything ______ I know.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
5. They are living in the very room _______ I lived in last year.
A. it B. what C. that D. which
+关系代词+。。。) 三 介词提前的定语从句( 介词
1 关系代词which, whom定语从句中作介词的语时， 从句可
which\whom 引出。
1) Great changes are taking place in the city which they live in .
Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.
2) The film which I’m speaking of is to be shown next week.
The film of which I’m speaking is to be shown next week.
用心 爱心 专
3. This is the teacher whom I’ve learnt a lot from.
This is the teacher from whom I’ve learnt a lot.
4. The man whom we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.
The man whom to whom we sent the present is a doctor of laws.
5. The situation which we had got into was very dangerous.
The situation into which we had got was very dangerous.
6 The policeman whom Mr Henry is talking with is a friend of mine.
The police man with whom Mr Henry is talking is a friend of mine.
四 当堂检测
1 填空 例如:This is the best film ________(今
This is the best film that has been shown this year.
1) Here is the pen _______________________________.(你
2) He is the most careful boy ______________________.(我所知道的)
3) I have lost the watch ________________________________.(我父亲给我的)
4) Wheat is a plant _____________________________________.(中国北方种植
的)
5) The teacher ________________________ (站在附
6) The girl ______________________(告诉我消息
hom; which. 2( 在下列句子的第一个空上介词，在第二
1) The man _______ _______ I spoke just now is the manager I told you about.
2) The pencil _______ _________ he was writing broke.
3) Wu Dong, ______ _______ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4) The two things ______ _______ Marx was not sure were the grammer and some of the idioms of English.
5. Her bag ________ _________ she put all her books has not been found. 3 单选
1). The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.
A. who B. which C. whom D. when
2.) The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
4) Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
5). Where is the man ____ I met this morning?
A. when B. where C. which D. whom
6). The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
7) The man ____ around our school is from America.
用心 爱心 专
A. which you showed B. you showed him
C. you showed D. where you showed
8) He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.
A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who
9)In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
10) Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?
A. that B. whom C. when D. whose
11). Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. that B. which C. whatever D. all
12). The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those
13). This is the very letter ____came last night.
A. who B. which C. that D. as
14). This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
A. where B. / C. when D. what
15). Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?
. that B. which C. itsD. whose A
16). In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom
17). Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one B. where C. in which D. /
18), How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
19). Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A. it B. which C. that D. he
20). I live in the house ____ windows face south.
A. which B. whose C. where D. in that
二 当堂训练
1-5 ACBAC
四 当堂检测
1填空
1) Here is the pen you lost yesterday.
2)He is the most careful boy whom I have ever known.
3)I have lost the watch which my father gave me .
4)Wheat is a plant which is grown in the north of China.
用心 爱心 专
5)The teacher who stood nearbysaw what happened.
6)The girl who told me the news is not here now.
2填词
1) to whom 2) with which 3) with whom 4) of which 5) into which
3 单选
1-5 A B A C D 6-10 C C A D A 11-15 A C C B D 16-20 C D A B B
定语从句之关系副
一 关系副词引导的定语
1.When 表示时间，其词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day , hour, year 等)。在从句
October1, 1949 was an important day .
The People’s Republic of China was founded on the day.
October1, 1949 was an important day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
I will always remember the day . I got the first prize on the day . I will always
remember the day when I got the first prize . 2. where 表示地点，
点状语。先行词往往是表示
This is the place. My mother was born in the place.
This is the place where my mother was born .
This is the room . I lived in the room last year. This is the room where I lived last
year.
This is the village. My father worked there 3years ago. This is the village where
my father worked 3years ago.
句，在从句中表示原因，原因状语。其先行一般为reason. 3 why
I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.我不知道
去不高兴
The reason why he said that is quite clear. 他为什么那样说的理由
二 当堂训练
1 用关系副词when, where 把下列每句子连接成定
1)I’ll never forget the day. I joined the PLAon that day.
_________________________________________________.
2) Last autumn my sister went to the town. She was born there.
_____________________________________________________.
3) The days are gone. During those days we used ‘foreign oil.”
___________________________________________.
4) The time finally arrived. They had to leave at that time.
_____________________________________________________.
用心 爱心 专
5) Li Fang lives in that street. Do you know the street?
______________________________________________________?
6) She often came to see me during those days . I was sick at that time. __________________________________________________.
7) This is the chemical works. We often work there.
_________________________________________________________.
8) The bridge was built last year. This photo was taken there.
______________________________________________________________.
9) I will never forget those days . We worked together in those days. _____________________________________________________________.
二 如何 判断关系代词与关系
1. 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句 中谓语动词。及
宾语，就必须要求关系代词; 而不及物动词则求用关系副
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year (stay 是不及物动词) This is
the mountain village which I visited last year.(visit 是
which I bought last year.(buy是及
This is the house where I lived last year.(live 是
I will always remember the days when we worked together.(work 是
will always remember the days which we spent together. (spent 是及物动词)
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. It was also
a time when there were many great philosophers.
2. 当堂训练:
1. Is this museum _______ you visited a few days ago?
2. Is this museum _____ the exhibition was held.
3. It is the school _______ the film star studied when she was young . 4 It is the
school ________ I hated when I was young.
5. It is an important day ______ I’ll never foget.
6. It is an important day ______I first gave a speech in public .
7. The hotel _____ they are staying is very expensive.
8 The hotel ______ they bought is very expensive.
三当堂检测
1 The house ______ we live is not large.
A. which B. where C. that D. what
2. The hotel _______ they are staying is very expensive.
A. of which B. at that C. that D. at which
3. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation________ he is likely to lose control
over the plane.
A. Where B. which C. what D. why
用心 爱心 专
4 Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting?
A. where B.why C. when D. that
5. The hotel _______ your father is working is the most expensive in the city.
A. that B. where C. of which D. \
6 The small town is just the one ______ the famous film star was born.
A. which B. where C. that D. \
答案
一 定语从句之关系
当堂训练
1) I’ll never forget the day when I joined the PLA.
2) Last autumn my sister went to the town where she was born.
3) The days when we used “ foreign oil” are gone.
4) The time when they had to leave finally arrived.
5) Do you know the street where Li Fang lives?
6)She often came to see me during those days when I was sick .
7) This is the chemical works where we often work.
8) The bridge where this photo was taken was built last year.
9) I will never forget those days when we worked together .
二 如何判断关系代词与关系
当堂训练
1which 2 where 3 where 4 which 5 which 6 when 7 where 8 which
当堂检测
1-6 B D A B B B
定语从句之 非限制性定
1定语从句有时跟行词的关系并不十分密切，只作一些附加说
制作用，这种从句为非限制性定语从句。这类从句往用逗号和主
不能用that 引导。如: 1) Mr zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s .
2.) We walked down the village street, where they were having market day .
3.) Football , which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
4 )The person , to whom I was speaking , is my English teacher.
5 )Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested
the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.
6). The Empire Sate Building, which was the tallest building at the time
was finished in May 1931.
2. 有时这类定语句所修饰的不是前某一个词， 而是代
爱心 专心 9
1) He gave his mother a Tv for her birthday, which made her happy.
2) He is coming back to us, which means that he has been refused elsewhere.
t get the job, which made her upset. 3)Alice did’
他要回到我这儿了，这意味着他在别处遭到了
3( as 引导的非限制性定语从
As 的这种用法常出现在一些固定句型中，可置于句前，也可置与
As has been said before 如
As may be imagined 正如想
As is well known
As was expected 正如预
As has been already pointed out 正如已经
As we all can see 如我们看到
As we know 众所
As is often the case 正如经常的
As I expected 就象我预料
1 )As is known to all , Tom is a intellegent student.
2) As was expected , Shenzhou VII landed in Innermongolia.
3)As has been already pointed out , smoking is harmful to your health.
4) As we know, Taiwan belongs to China .
三 当堂检测
1(把下列对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复
1). The play was wonderful. We saw it last
night._____________________________________
2) The train was late. It was going to
Nanning.____________________________________
3)The boy is my brother. He was here a minute
ago_________________________________.
4). The tree is quite tall. He is climbing
it.__________________________________________
5) Here is the girl. Her brother works in this
shop.___________________________________
6) This is the boy. His sister is a famous
singer.____________________________________
7) Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my
class.__________________________________
8) He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees. _______________________________________________________
9)They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields. __________________________________________________________
用心 爱心 专心 10
10) The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
____________________________________________________
11)In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
________________________________________________________________
12) She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table. ______________________________________________________________
2选择填空:
1). The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.
A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were
2) They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which
3). The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
4). Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.
A. when B. that C. at which D. where
5). I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
6). He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
A. which B. as C. that D. it
7) ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.
A. What B. As C. That D. Which
8) The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War ?.
A. whose B. that C. whom D. who
9) I have bought two pens, ____ write well.
A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which
10) Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?
A. why B. which C. for that D. of which
11) He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
12). During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed
13). ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
A. It B. Which C. As D. That
14) We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.
专心 11 用心 爱心
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
15) You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
16) He is absent ， ____ is often the case. A. what B. which C. who
D. as
17) I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers,
____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
18) This is the only book ____ I can find. A. that B. which C. it
D. with which
19) I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way whichD. the way of which
20) That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
答案
当堂检测
1填空
1) The play which we saw last night was wonderful.
2) The train which was going to Nanning was late.
3) The boy whp was here a minute ago is my brother.
4). The tree which he climbing is quite tall.
5) Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.
6) This is the boy whose sister is a famous singer.
7) Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class?
8) .He used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees.
9)They passed a factory ,at the back of which there were rice fields.
10)The soldier ran to the building ,on the top of which flew a flag.
11)In the evening they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple.
12) She came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table. 2 单选
1-5 D C C A C 6-10 A B C B A 11-15 A DC B B 16-20 D BA A B
用心 爱心 专
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