范文一:现在完成时的两种时间状语
现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。它的时间状语有两种情况,下面我们就来区分一下它们。
一、表示结果的副词用作现在完成时的时间状语
1.already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。例如:
We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
2.ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未”等。例如:
―Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?
―I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
3.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past/lastfew years等。例如:
I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.
我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
4.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now, today, thismorning(month, year, term)等。例如:
―Have you met him today? ―No, I haven’t.
―今天你见过他吗?―我没有。
二、表示动作延续的for,since用作现在完成时的时间状语
现在完成时可以与since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven’t seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。如要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:arrive→ be here,begin(start)→be on,die →be dead,come back→ be back, leave →be away,fall ill(sick,asleep)→ be ill(sick, asleep),get up→ be up,go out →be out, finish →be over,put on →wear 或be on, open →be open,join →be in或 be a member of,close →be closed,go to school→ be a student,borrow →keep,buy→have,catch(a cold)→ have(a cold), get to know →know,begin to study →study等。例如:
He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世两年了。
跟踪练习题:
一、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The boy ______ (break) the glass yesterday.
2. After he turned on the light, he ____(begin) to do his homework.
3. We _____ (know) each other since our boyhood.
4.―_____ you _____(see) the English film yet?
―Yes. I _____(see) it last Friday.
5. Mr. Wang _____ (join) the Party in 1999. He _____ (be) a Party member for seven years.
二、单句改错。
1.He has known him since two years.
A B C D
2.The man has left here for two days.
A B C D
3.He has seen the film yet.
A B C D
4.It is five days since the boy has left home.
A B C D
5.The man didn’t the homework.
A B C D
Keys:一、1. broke2. began 3. have known4. Have, seen, saw 5. joined, has been二、1. C since→ for2. C left → been away 3. Dyet → already 4. Dhas left → left 5. Bdidn’t → didn’t do
范文二:现在完成时的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语
1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在并可能持续下去,如“ for +段时间(一定是从过去持续到现在)”,“ since +时间点” during the past three years ,how long, lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far, today, this month。(动作持续发生在这段时间里),谓语动词常为延续性动词。例如: We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市里已经生活了 40 多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958.
我们从 1958 年起就住在这个城市里。 注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去时间(点段)的状语连用,如for+段时间(在过去延续,现在已不延续),yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago ,from 1999 to 2003等。但是, (1)可用一般过去时表示过去时间(点段)
(2)只要将它改为 since +时间点 就可以用在现在完成时的句子里了,因为它已经含有从过去到现在的时间段的意义了。
2. 与一般现在时中的频度副词(always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never以及短语every+单数名词,once/twice/three times??a+单数名词)连用,表示过去重复发生的动作(曾经??)或从过去到现在(可能继续下去)的重复动作,使用终止性动词。例如:
Six times he has tried and six times he has failed. He has usually finished all his homework before bed time. 注意:这个用法与重复动词无关。
3. 与笼统表示时间过去或不确定的状语连用,如 already(yet), never, ever, just 等。含有这类时间状语的句子,其谓语动词表示句中的行为或瞬间动作发生在过去,但对现在有
影响,使用终止性动词。例如:
I've just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。
have found 这一动作发生在过去,但影响到现在,即现在图书馆的书在我这儿。 just 所表示的“刚才”是与现在有密切相关的过去时间。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊!我从来没听到过比这更优美的歌喉。
never 表示广义的过去,而且一直到目前才截止。
4. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far, today, this month.(how long“ for +段时间(从过去持续到现在)”,“ since +时间点”虽表示过去和现在的一整段时间,但不能这样用), 等表示在段时间中包含着“点时间”或“小的段时间”,动作在这段时间里有
时发生有时不发生,表示动作发生在过去对现在的影响,延续性动词与终止性动词均可。例如:
How have you been recently ?(延续性动词) 你近来状况如何?
The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. (延续性动词) 那位著名的作家在过去的两年里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? (终止性动词)
这些天你看见她的父母了吗?
The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. (延续性动词) 迄今为止,布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。
5. 动作(点段)发生在过去时,可以不使用任何时间状语,直接使用“have + pp.”,表示动作发生在过去对现在的影响,延续性动词与终止性动词均可。例如: The car has arrived. 终止性动词
Someone has broken the window. 终止性动词
He has been ill. 延续性动词
5.now是个特例,有时可代换为at last(第三种用法)或up to now(第四种用法),例如: The rain has stopped now. (=at last)
I have lived here for five years now. (=up to now)
范文三:关于现在完成时的时间状语
关于现在完?成时的时间?状语
一(.现在完成时?说明的是现?在的情况,属于现在时?。因而不能与?表示过去具?体时间的时
?间状语连用?,如不可与y?ester?day, last week, three? years? ago, in 1990, at eight? o’clock?等
之类的时?间状语连用?。这类时间状?语通常是与?过去(一般)时连用。、
例如: ----Has he come back yet?
----Yes, he came back yeste?rday?
二( 现在完成时?通常可与表?示过去不确?定时间的时?间状语连用?,如alre?ady, yet, just,
befor?e等副词时?间状语。例子见上述?“主要用法”中。
例如:
1)I have alrea?dy retur?ned the pen to him.
2)Have you washe?d my cloth?es yet? ----Yes, I have just washe?d them.
3)I have seen the man befor?e.
说明:befor?e有时也可?用于一般过?去时(这与用现在?完成时意思?差不多),如I told
you befor?e.我早就告诉?过你。
另外,alrea?dy和ye?t有时也可?用于一般现?在时,如It’s?eight? alrea?dy./He
isn’t?back?yet?(=He?hasn’t?come?back?yet).
三. 现在完成时?通常可以与?包括“现在”在内的表示?一段时间的?时间状语连?用,如sinc?e...,
for...; ever, never?, recen?tly(最近),today?, this week (year), these? days (weeks?, years?),
in/durin?g the last/past two years?, so far等。
例如:
1)We have known? each other? since? we came to the schoo?l.
2)I have colle?cted ten stamp?s this week[these? weeks?].
3)Have you seen him these? days?
说明: ever, never?有时也可用?于一般过去?时(这与用现在?完成时意思?差不多),如I
never? saw the man.
四. 比较下列几?组用法的区?别
?alrea?dy与ye?t
?一般情况下?,alrea?dy表示“已经”,主要用于肯?定陈述句,一般在句中?;yet
表示?“已经”或“仍然,还”是用于疑问?句或否定句?,一般在句末?。比较:
1)He has alrea?dy come.
2)Has he come yet?
3)He?hasn’t?come?yet.
?alrea?dy有时也?可用于疑问?句(句末),但不表示疑?问而是表示?惊讶(这与yet
?不同)。比较:
1)Mum, I’ve?done?my?homew?ork.
----Oh, God! Have you done your homew?ork alrea?dy?(表示惊讶)
天哪~你已经做完?你的作业了?,(真快~)
2)Have you done your homew?ork yet?(表示疑问)
你做完你的?作业没有,
?ever与?yet
ever与?yet均可?用于疑问句?、否定句,但 yet表示?“已经”或“仍然,还”,一般
“时间上距离?现在不是很?远”;ever表?示“曾经,以往任何时?候”,“时间上距离?现
在可近可?远”,反义词ne?ver。体会:
1)Have you ever milke?d a cow? 你曾经挤过?牛奶吗,
----No, I never? have.或No, never?. 没有,从来没有过?。
(问可以是有?生以来的经?历)
2)Have you milke?d the cow yet? 你已经给那?头牛挤过奶?了吗,
----No, I haven?’t?yet.或No, not yet.
问现在说话?说时的情况?) (
?for与s?ince
for和s?ince均?可引导一个?时间状语,与现在完成?时连用,区别如下:
“for + 一段时间”,意思为“共计??(时间)”;for是p?rep.,后面只能跟?一
个短语,即只能引导?一个时间短?语。
“since? + 某一时间”,意思为“自从??(以来)”;since?是prep?.&conj.,后
面可以跟?一个短语,也可以跟一?个句子,即既可以引?导一个时间?短语,也可以
引导?一个时间从?句。
例如:1)He has sat here since? two?o’clock?.
He has sat here since? he came here.
2)He has sat here for two hours?.
?two years? ago与f?or two years?, since? two years? ago
三者的意思?和连用的时?态不一样:
两年前 一般过去时 ?two years ?ago
共计两年 现在完成时;?一般过去时 ?for two years ?
两年来 现在完成时 ?since ?two years ?ago
例如:1)He lived here two years?? ago. 他两年前住?在这儿。
(已有两年不?住在这儿了?)
2)He has lived? here for two years. ?他在这儿住?两年了。
(两年前开始?住的,一直住到现?在,还可能继续?住下去)
比较:He lived? here for two years. ?他过去(曾经)在这儿住两?年了。
(是哪两年不?清楚)
3)He has lived? here since? two years?. ago两年来,他一直住在?这儿。
(= He has lived? here for two years.) ?
?疑问副词w?hen不可?与现在完成?时连用
谈论发生在?过去的事情?,疑问词副词?when(包括wha?t time)不可与现在?完成时连用?(其它疑问副?词或疑问代?词可以),因为whe?n相当于y?ester?day, last
week, three? years? ago, in 1990, at eight? o’clock?等之类的表?示过去具体?时间的时间?状语。这类时间状?语是不能与?现在完成时?连用的,只可与一般?过去时等连?用。
例如:
1)Why have you turne?d off the radio?(收音机),
你为什么把?收音机关上?了,
2)Where? has he gone (to)? 他到哪儿去?了,
3)When has he gone? × ------He has gone yeste?rday. ×
他什么时候?去的,——他昨天去的?。
?When did he go? ? ------He went yeste?rday. ?
范文四:现在完成时的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语
① 现在完成时和带有since或for等表示时间的状语连用(since 后跟表示过去的一个时间点;for 后跟一段时间),表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能继续延续下去。
例:
He has been in the League for three years.
他入团已三年了。
He has lived here since 1978.
从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
② 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语,如:already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等连用(注:already 常用于肯定句,yet 常用于否定句和疑问句中,且常位于句末)。 例:
Have you heard from your family lately/recently?
你最近收到家人的来信了吗?
The train has just arrived. 火车刚到。
I’ve never been to Japan before.
我以前没去过日本。
They haven’t finished their homework yet.
他们还没有完成作业。
We have already worked out that problem.
我们已解出了那个问题。
③ 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, once, rarely ,three times, on several occasions等:
Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
你曾经去过长城吗?
I have been to Beijing twice.
我去过北京两次。
We have often been there.
我们经常去那儿。
He has done time on several occasions.
他已坐过好几次牢了。
④ 现在完成时还常与包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to now,during / in the past / last few days / weeks / months / years,today, so far等:
I have heard nothing from him up to now.
到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
I have learned how to swim now.
我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。
Have you seen Han Meimei this morning?
你今天上午看到韩梅梅了吗?
【高考链接】从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。
1. The construction of the two new railway lines by now. (2006年陕西卷)
A. has completed
B. have completed
C. have been completed
D. has been completed
2. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he on it for more than an hour. (2006年湖北卷)
A. has been working
B. will have worked
C. will have been working
D. had worked
3. My friend, who on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006年浙江卷)
A. served B. is serving
C. had served D. has served
4. We ’t know their names. (2006年上海卷)
A. don’t meet B. won’t meet
C. haven’t met D. hadn’t met
5. — leave at the end of this month.
— I don’t think you should do that until another job. (2006年北京卷)
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I’ll; you’d find
6. Customers are asked to make sure that they the right change before leaving the shop. (2006年重庆卷)
A. will give
C. have given
Key 1-6 :DADCBB B. have been given D. will be given
范文五:现在完成时两种时间状语
现在完成时两种时间状语
现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和表示过去的时间状
语连用,如,yesterday, last Sunday,in1990,three years ago
等。它的时间状语有两种情况,下面我们就来区分一下它们。
一、表示结果的副词用作现在完成时的时间状语
1.already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般
用于否定句和疑问句中。例如,
We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作
业了。
2.ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”
或“从未”等。例如,
―Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长
城吗,
―I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
3.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past/lastfew years等。例如,
I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.
我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
4.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如,now, today, thismorning(month, year, term)等。例如,
1
―Have you met him today? ―No, I haven’t.
―今天你见过他吗,―我没有。
二、表示动作延续的for,since用作现在完成时的时间状语
现在完成时可以与since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如,I haven’t seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。如要用,必须改为“be,在,”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换,arrive? be here,begin(start)?be on,die ?be dead,come back? be back, leave ?be away,fall ill(sick,asleep)? be ill(sick, asleep),get up? be up,go out ?be out, finish ?be over,put on ?wear 或be on, open ?be open,join ?be in或 be a member of,close ?be closed,go to school? be a student,
borrow ?keep,buy?have,catch(a cold)? have(a cold), get to know ?know,begin to study ?study等。例如,
He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世两年了。
跟踪练习题,
一、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
2
1. The boy ______ (break) the glass yesterday.
2. After he turned on the light, he ____(begin) to do his homework.
3. We _____ (know) each other since our boyhood.
4.―_____ you _____(see) the English film yet?
―Yes. I _____(see) it last Friday.
5. Mr. Wang _____ (join) the Party in 1999. He _____ (be) a Party member for seven years.
二、单句改错。
1.He has known him since two years.
A B C D
2.The man has left here for two days.
A B C D
3.He has seen the film yet.
A B C D
4.It is five days since the boy has left home.
A B C D
5.The man didn’t the homework.
A B C D
Keys,一、1. broke2. began 3. have known4. Have, seen, saw 5. joined, has been二、1. C since? for2. C left
? been away 3. Dyet ? already 4. Dhas left ? left 5. Bdidn’
3
t ? didn’t do
4
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